🧮 TDS Calculator

Calculate Tax Deducted at Source on interest, rent, professional fees, commission, and more — FY 2025-26 rates and thresholds for India.

🧾 Payment Details
📊 TDS Breakdown
Gross Amount
TDS Deducted
Net Payment

Details

Applicable Section
TDS Rate Applied
Threshold for TDS
Gross Amount
TDS Amount
Net Payment
Payment Breakdown
PAN vs No-PAN Rate
🧮

Select Nature of Payment & Enter Amount

Choose the applicable TDS section, enter the payment amount, and click Calculate TDS.

Guide

What Is the TDS Calculator?

Last updated: July 2026 · Reviewed by the NeftCal editorial team

A TDS calculator (Tax Deducted at Source calculator) works out exactly how much tax an Indian payer must withhold before making a payment — and how much the recipient actually gets. NeftCal's TDS calculator covers 15+ common payment categories using FY 2025-26 rates and thresholds, including interest, rent, professional fees, commission, contractor payments, dividend, and property purchase, so whether you need a Section 194A TDS on interest, Section 194C TDS to a contractor, Section 194J TDS on professional fees, Section 194-I TDS on rent, Section 194Q TDS on goods purchases, or Section 194-IA TDS on property, the same tool handles it.

Select the applicable section, enter the payment amount, and specify whether the payee's PAN is available. This TDS on interest calculator — and every other section it supports — checks your amount against that section's threshold for the financial year, applies the standard rate if the payment qualifies, or raises the rate for TDS without PAN to at least 20% under Section 206AA if no PAN is furnished. It then shows the TDS amount and the net payment after deduction, so you always know how tax deducted at source affects the final payout.

Who Should Use This Calculator

Businesses and accounts payable teams deducting TDS on vendor and contractor bills, landlords and tenants working out TDS on rent above the threshold, freelancers and professionals checking what they'll actually receive after a client deducts TDS, chartered accountants sanity-checking a client's compliance, and property buyers calculating the 1% TDS due on a high-value purchase.

Why It Matters for Financial Planning

Under-deducting or missing a TDS deduction can trigger interest charges, a penalty, and disallowance of the expense in the payer's own tax computation, while over-deducting ties up the payee's cash until they claim a refund at filing time. Getting the section, rate, and threshold right the first time — especially after the rate and threshold changes introduced for FY 2025-26 — keeps both payer and payee compliant and avoids year-end reconciliation headaches. This matters most for high-frequency deductors, since even a small error repeated across many Section 194A, 194C, or 194J payments can add up to a significant compliance gap.

Common Scenarios

  • Working out TDS on a professional fee invoice under Section 194J before releasing payment to a consultant
  • Checking whether a rent payment under Section 194-I has crossed the ₹6,00,000 annual threshold for FY 2025-26
  • Calculating the 1% TDS due on a property purchase above ₹50 lakh under Section 194-IA
  • Comparing PAN vs no-PAN TDS rates before finalizing a contractor or vendor payment
  • Cross-checking withheld TDS against your final liability with the income tax calculator
  • Reconciling indirect tax obligations with the GST calculator alongside TDS on the same business transaction

Tips for Accurate Results

  • Confirm you're using the correct section — payments that look similar (e.g. rent on equipment vs. rent on property) fall under different sub-sections with different rates
  • Check whether the threshold is per transaction or aggregated across the financial year — several sections (like 194C and 194Q) apply on a cumulative basis
  • Always verify PAN status before finalizing a payment — TDS without PAN triggers Section 206AA, forcing the higher 20% rate regardless of the section's normal rate
  • Use the TDS rate chart below to double-check thresholds for sections you use less often, such as 194-IA on property or TDS on dividend
  • Treat every result as a close estimate, not a filing-ready figure — confirm with a chartered accountant or the official Income Tax Department / TRACES portal for complex or high-value transactions
Rate Chart

TDS Rate Chart — FY 2025-26

Common TDS sections, rates, and thresholds, as used by this calculator. Rates reflect Budget 2025 changes — always verify with the Income Tax Department before filing.

SectionNature of PaymentThresholdRate
Formula

How TDS Is Calculated

The exact rule set this calculator applies for every section

TDS Formula
TDS Amount = Payment Amount × (TDS Rate ÷ 100)
Net Payment = Payment Amount − TDS Amount

If PAN is not furnished (Section 206AA): TDS Rate = higher of (applicable section rate, 20%)
If Payment Amount ≤ Threshold: TDS Amount = 0

⚙️ Why This Formula Works

TDS is a flat-percentage withholding, not a slab-based calculation like income tax — the payer applies a single rate to the gross payment (once it crosses the section's threshold) and remits that amount directly to the government, with the balance going to the payee. Section 206AA exists as a compliance incentive: by forcing a much higher default rate (at least 20%) when no PAN is on file, it pushes recipients to register and quote their PAN so the tax department can match TDS credits to the correct taxpayer.

🎯 When TDS Applies

  • Above threshold — TDS is deducted only once the payment (or aggregate payments in the year, for some sections) crosses that section's threshold
  • PAN available — the section's standard rate applies
  • PAN not available — Section 206AA forces the higher of the standard rate or 20%

📋 Assumptions

  • The payment falls cleanly under one of the sections modeled — no split or composite payments
  • The payee is a resident taxpayer; TDS on payments to non-residents (Section 195) follows different rules not covered here
  • No lower/nil deduction certificate (Form 13) has been obtained for this payment
  • Threshold aggregation across the financial year is tracked manually — this calculator checks only the single amount you enter

⚠️ Limitations of the Formula

  • Does not track cumulative payments across the financial year for threshold sections like 194C or 194Q
  • Does not apply Section 206AB's higher rate for non-filers of income tax returns
  • Does not cover TDS on salary (Section 192), which uses income tax slabs instead of a flat rate
  • Not a substitute for TRACES-based TDS return filing or a chartered accountant's compliance review
Walkthrough

Step-by-Step: How to Use the TDS Calculator

From payment type to net payout in under a minute

Select the nature of payment

Choose the applicable TDS section from the dropdown — interest, rent, professional fees, commission, contractor payment, property purchase, dividend, and more.

Enter the payment or bill amount

Input the gross amount before TDS deduction for this specific payment.

Confirm whether PAN is available

Select Yes or No for whether the deductee has furnished a valid PAN — this determines whether Section 206AA's higher rate applies.

Review the section details

Check the standard rate and threshold shown for your selected section before calculating, or use the custom rate/threshold fields for an uncovered case.

Click Calculate TDS and review your results

See the TDS amount, net payment, full breakdown, and a PAN vs no-PAN rate comparison chart instantly.

Example

Worked Example — Professional Fees, Section 194J

A step-by-step FY 2025-26 calculation for a consultant's invoice

Scenario

A company pays a management consultant a professional fee of ₹80,000 for the year. The consultant has furnished a valid PAN.

Section194J
Nature of PaymentProfessional Fees
Payment Amount₹80,000
Threshold (FY 2025-26)₹50,000
Standard Rate10%
PAN AvailableYes
Step 1 — Threshold check: ₹80,000 exceeds the ₹50,000 threshold for Section 194J, so TDS applies to the full amount.
Step 2 — Apply the standard rate: TDS = ₹80,000 × 10 ÷ 100 = ₹8,000.
Step 3 — Net payment: Net = ₹80,000 − ₹8,000 = ₹72,000 paid to the consultant.
Gross Amount
₹80,000
TDS Deducted
₹8,000
Net Payment
₹72,000

No-PAN comparison: If the same consultant had not furnished a PAN, Section 206AA would force the rate up to the higher of the standard rate or 20% — in this case 20%. TDS would then be ₹80,000 × 20 ÷ 100 = ₹16,000, leaving a net payment of only ₹64,000 — ₹8,000 less than with PAN on file. This ₹8,000 difference illustrates exactly why furnishing PAN matters to the payee's cash flow, even though the deducted amount is later available as credit against their final tax liability.

Interpretation

Understanding Your Results

What the TDS rate applied to your payment roughly tells you

The effective TDS rate on a payment is a quick way to gauge how much of a bill is withheld before it reaches the payee. These bands are general reference points across the sections this calculator covers, not an official Income Tax Department benchmark.

Effective TDS RateGeneral ReadTypical Context
0.1% – 2%Low withholdingContractor payments (194C), rent on plant/machinery, property purchase (194-IA), goods purchase (194Q)
5% – 10%Standard withholdingInterest (194A), professional fees (194J), rent on land/building (194-I), dividend
20% or higherHigh / penal withholdingNo-PAN rate under Section 206AA, or high-rate categories like lottery winnings (194B, 30%)

For payers: a high effective rate on a payment usually means either the category is inherently high-rate (winnings, no-PAN cases) or PAN hasn't been furnished — worth double-checking before finalizing the payment, since a missing PAN is often the simplest fix.

For payees: TDS deducted is not lost money — it's advance tax credited to your account, visible in Form 26AS and the Annual Information Statement (AIS), and adjustable against your final liability when you file your Income Tax Return. If your total TDS exceeds your actual tax due, the excess is refunded.

Risk considerations: this calculator does not track cumulative threshold aggregation across the financial year, non-filer surcharge under Section 206AB, or TDS on salary or non-resident payments — treat the result as a single-transaction estimate, not a full compliance check.

ℹ️

This tool provides general TDS estimates for educational purposes only and does not constitute personalized tax or legal advice. TDS rules, thresholds, and exemptions can change and vary by specific circumstance — confirm the applicable section, rate, and threshold with the official Income Tax Department portal (incometax.gov.in), CBDT circulars, or a chartered accountant before deducting or filing.

Use Cases

Practical Use Cases for the TDS Calculator

Where this calculator earns its keep

🧾

What is TDS?

Tax Deducted at Source requires the payer to withhold a percentage of tax before making certain payments and deposit it with the government on the recipient's behalf.

🪪

Why PAN matters

Under Section 206AA, a missing PAN forces TDS up to the higher of the normal rate or 20% — sometimes far more than the standard rate.

💡

Claiming TDS credit

TDS deducted appears in Form 26AS and the Annual Information Statement (AIS); claim it as a credit — or refund — when filing your ITR.

💼

Vendor and contractor bills

Work out TDS on contractor or supplier invoices under Section 194C before releasing payment.

🏠

Rent agreements

Check whether rent under Section 194-I has crossed the FY 2025-26 threshold and what to withhold.

🏢

Property purchase

Calculate the 1% TDS due under Section 194-IA on a property purchase above ₹50 lakh.

📈

Dividend payments

Work out TDS on dividend distributions above the ₹10,000 threshold for FY 2025-26.

🧑‍💼

Freelancer and consultant invoicing

Freelancers can check exactly how much a client will withhold before quoting a net fee.

🏦

Interest income planning

Estimate TDS on FD/RD interest under Section 194A, and check Form 15G/15H eligibility to avoid it.

📊

Accounts payable compliance

Finance teams can quickly verify the correct section, rate, and threshold before processing a batch of vendor payments.

🤝

Commission and brokerage

Check TDS on commission or brokerage payments under Section 194H at the current 2% rate.

📋

Custom/uncommon sections

Use the custom rate and threshold fields for sections not in the preset list.

Pros & Cons

Advantages and Limitations

What this TDS calculator does well, and where it can't replace professional advice

✅ Advantages

  • Covers 15+ common TDS sections in a single tool, with FY 2025-26 rates and thresholds
  • Automatic threshold check — shows no TDS due if the payment is below the section's limit
  • Built-in PAN vs No-PAN comparison so you can see the Section 206AA impact instantly
  • Custom rate/threshold option for sections not in the preset list
  • Free, instant, and requires no signup or personal information
  • Runs entirely in your browser — your payment data is never sent to a server
  • Full TDS rate chart reference table built in, so you don't need a separate lookup
  • Visual payment breakdown and PAN-rate comparison charts for quick interpretation
  • Downloadable plain-text summary of your calculation
  • Reflects Budget 2025 threshold changes (e.g. raised limits for 194-I, 194J, and dividend)

⚠️ Limitations

  • Does not track cumulative payments across the financial year for aggregate-threshold sections
  • Does not apply Section 206AB's higher rate for income tax return non-filers
  • Does not cover TDS on salary (Section 192), which uses income tax slabs, not a flat rate
  • Doesn't account for a Lower/Nil Deduction Certificate (Form 13) that may apply to your case
  • Doesn't model TDS on payments to non-residents (Section 195), which follows different rules
  • Results are estimates — actual deduction may differ if multiple sections or special circumstances apply
  • Not a substitute for TRACES-based TDS return filing or a chartered accountant's review
Reference

TDS vs. Advance Tax vs. Self-Assessment Tax

Three ways tax reaches the government before or at filing — how TDS fits into the bigger picture

FeatureTDSAdvance TaxSelf-Assessment Tax
Who paysPayer, on the payee's behalfTaxpayer directlyTaxpayer directly
WhenAt the time of paymentQuarterly during the financial yearBefore filing the return
BasisFlat rate on a specific paymentEstimated total annual tax liabilityShortfall after TDS and advance tax
Applies toInterest, rent, fees, contractor payments, etc.Taxpayers with tax liability above ₹10,000/yearAnyone with a remaining balance due
Credit shown inForm 26AS / AISForm 26AS / AISForm 26AS / AIS (as self-assessment challan)

Common Mistakes and Expert Tips

❌ Common Mistakes

  • Applying the wrong sub-section rate — e.g. confusing rent on plant/machinery (2%) with rent on land/building (10%)
  • Forgetting to aggregate payments across the year for cumulative-threshold sections like 194C or 194Q
  • Not verifying PAN before finalizing a payment, then discovering the higher 206AA rate should have applied
  • Assuming TDS deducted is a final cost rather than a credit that can be claimed back at filing time
  • Missing the FY 2025-26 threshold increases for sections like 194-I, 194J, and dividend, and using outdated limits
  • Deducting TDS on salary using a flat percentage instead of the income tax slab-based Section 192 method

💡 Expert Tips & Best Practices

  • Always confirm PAN status before processing a payment — it's the single biggest lever on the rate applied
  • Keep a running log of cumulative payments per vendor per section to catch when a threshold is crossed mid-year
  • Ask the deductor for Form 16 (salary) or Form 16A (other payments) as proof of TDS deducted
  • If your actual liability is lower than the standard rate would deduct, explore a Lower/Nil Deduction Certificate (Form 13)
  • Reconcile TDS credits in Form 26AS/AIS against your books periodically, not just once a year at filing time
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about TDS

What is TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)?
TDS is a mechanism under Indian tax law where the payer deducts a percentage of tax at the time of making certain payments (like interest, rent, professional fees, or commission) and deposits it with the government on the recipient's behalf. This calculator computes the TDS amount and net payment for 15+ common sections using FY 2025-26 rates and thresholds.
What happens if I don't provide my PAN?
Under Section 206AA, if the payee doesn't furnish a valid PAN, TDS must be deducted at the higher of the applicable section rate or 20%. This calculator shows a PAN vs No-PAN comparison so you can see the difference.
Is there a minimum threshold below which no TDS applies?
Yes — each section has its own threshold amount; the calculator automatically checks your payment amount against the section's threshold and shows no TDS if the payment is below the limit.
Can TDS be avoided if my income is below the taxable limit?
Yes — eligible individuals can submit Form 15G (below 60 years) or Form 15H (senior citizens) to the deductor declaring that their total income is below the taxable threshold, so no TDS is deducted. This applies mainly to interest income under Section 194A.
Is TDS the final tax, or can I get a refund?
TDS is not the final tax — it's an advance collection. When you file your Income Tax Return, your actual tax liability is computed on total income, and TDS already deducted is adjusted against it. If TDS exceeds your liability, you receive a refund.
Which TDS sections does this calculator cover?
It covers 15+ common sections including interest (194A), contractor payments (194C), professional fees (194J), rent (194-I), purchase of goods (194Q), and property purchase (194-IA), along with dividend and commission payments, each with a custom rate/threshold override option.
What happens if TDS is not deducted or deposited on time?
The deductor becomes liable to pay interest — 1% per month for non-deduction and 1.5% per month for non-deposit — plus a penalty, and the expense may be disallowed in the payer's own income tax computation under Section 40(a)(ia). Timely compliance matters for both parties.
What is a Lower or Nil Deduction Certificate?
If a taxpayer's actual tax liability is lower than what the standard TDS rate would deduct, they can apply to the Assessing Officer using Form 13 for a certificate authorizing a lower or nil TDS rate, valid for a specified period and specific payer.
Does TDS apply to salary the same way as other payments?
No. TDS on salary under Section 192 is computed based on the employee's estimated annual income and applicable income tax slab for the year, not a flat percentage like most other sections. Use our Income Tax Calculator to estimate salary TDS and take-home pay.
What is the TDS rate on rent for FY 2025-26?
Under Section 194-I, rent on plant and machinery is taxed at 2%, while rent on land, building, or furniture is taxed at 10%, as used by this calculator. The annual threshold for both was raised to ₹6,00,000 from FY 2025-26, up from the earlier ₹2,40,000.
What is the TDS threshold for professional or technical fees under Section 194J?
As used by this calculator, the threshold for Section 194J was raised to ₹50,000 from FY 2025-26. Professional fees are taxed at 10%, while technical fees and certain call-centre payments are taxed at 2%, once the payment for the year crosses that threshold.
How does TDS on property purchase under Section 194-IA work?
When purchasing immovable property valued at ₹50 lakh or more, the buyer must deduct 1% TDS on the transaction value and deposit it with the government, as reflected in this calculator. This applies regardless of whether the seller has a PAN, though a missing PAN would trigger the higher Section 206AA rate instead.
Is this TDS calculator accurate enough to file my TDS return?
This calculator estimates TDS using the rates and thresholds coded into it for FY 2025-26 and is a close estimate for the common sections it covers. It does not replace TRACES filing, Form 26Q/27Q preparation, or a chartered accountant's review — always confirm figures against the Income Tax Department's official rules before filing.
Is my payment data safe when I use this calculator?
Yes. All calculations run locally in your browser using JavaScript. The payment amount, section, and PAN status you enter are never transmitted to or stored on a server.
Is this TDS calculator free to use?
Yes, it's completely free with no signup, login, or payment required.
Can I download or export my TDS calculation?
Yes, click Download Result after calculating to save a plain-text summary of the section, PAN status, gross amount, TDS rate, TDS deducted, and net payment.
Learn More

Authoritative Resources on TDS

Official guidance to complement this calculator — not a substitute for licensed tax advice

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