📐 Trigonometry Calculator — All 6 Ratios (Sin, Cos, Tan, Cot, Sec, Csc)

Enter one angle in degrees or radians and get sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant all at once — plus the quadrant, with undefined ratios clearly labeled.

📐 Enter Your Angle
Result
sin θ
cos θ
tan θ
cot θ
sec θ
csc θ
Quadrant
📐

Enter an angle to see all six trig ratios

Guide

About the Trigonometry Calculator

Last updated: July 2026 · Reviewed by the NeftCal editorial team

This trigonometry calculator is a hub tool: instead of computing one ratio at a time, it takes a single angle — in degrees or radians — and instantly returns all six trigonometric ratios together: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant. It also shows which of the four quadrants the angle falls in. Where a ratio is mathematically undefined at that exact angle (like tangent at 90°), the calculator explicitly labels it "Undefined" instead of showing an error, "Infinity," or a distractingly huge number — so you always get an honest, complete snapshot of an angle's full trigonometric profile in one step.

What This Calculator Measures

Every angle has six associated ratios built from the unit circle's x- and y-coordinates (cosine and sine) and their combinations. This calculator converts your angle to radians internally, evaluates sin and cos directly, then derives tan, cot, sec, and csc from those two base values — checking for near-zero denominators at each step so asymptotes are reported correctly rather than silently breaking.

Who Should Use This Calculator

This tool suits trigonometry and precalculus students who need to see all six ratios of an angle side by side for homework or exam review, teachers building worked examples, and anyone in physics, engineering, or navigation who works with secant, cosecant, or cotangent alongside the more familiar sine, cosine, and tangent and wants them computed together rather than one at a time on a scientific calculator.

Why Trigonometric Ratios Matter

The six ratios describe how an angle relates the sides of a right triangle or the coordinates of a point on the unit circle. Because three of them (cot, sec, csc) are simply reciprocals of the other three, understanding all six together — including exactly where they stop being defined — builds a much more complete picture of how trigonometric functions behave than learning sine, cosine, and tangent in isolation.

Real-World Applications

Physicists resolve forces and velocities into components using sine and cosine, then use tangent to recover an angle. Electrical engineers use phase angles and their trig ratios in AC circuit analysis. Surveyors and navigators combine multiple ratios of the same bearing angle. Computer graphics and game engines use all six ratios together when rotating vectors or building rotation matrices.

Tips for Accurate Results

  • Double-check the degrees/radians toggle matches your input — a radian value of 1.5 treated as degrees gives a very different (and wrong) answer.
  • Remember tan and sec are undefined at 90°, 270°, and every angle coterminal with them, while cot and csc are undefined at 0°, 180°, 360°, and their coterminal angles.
  • Use the quadrant result to sanity-check signs: sine is negative below the x-axis, cosine is negative left of the y-axis.
Formula

The Six Trigonometric Ratio Formulas

How sin and cos generate the other four ratios

Primary Ratios (from the unit circle)
sin θ = y-coordinate on the unit circle  |  cos θ = x-coordinate on the unit circle

Derived Ratios
tan θ = sin θ ÷ cos θ  (undefined when cos θ = 0)
cot θ = cos θ ÷ sin θ = 1 ÷ tan θ  (undefined when sin θ = 0)
sec θ = 1 ÷ cos θ  (undefined when cos θ = 0)
csc θ = 1 ÷ sin θ  (undefined when sin θ = 0)

Where:
θ (theta) = the input angle, converted to radians before evaluation.
Undefined ratios occur exactly where their denominator equals zero — this calculator detects that with a small numerical tolerance rather than letting the division silently produce an enormous or infinite value.
🔄

Three Reciprocal Pairs

sin/csc, cos/sec, and tan/cot are each mathematical reciprocals — whenever one member of a pair is zero, the other is undefined.

📐

One Angle, Six Ratios

Every angle has exactly six ratios, but only two (sine and cosine) are computed directly — the rest are algebraic combinations of those two.

⚠️

Undefined at Asymptotes

Tan and sec break down at 90°/270°; cot and csc break down at 0°/180°/360° — this calculator flags those cases instead of showing a huge number.

⚙️ Why This Formula Works

On the unit circle, any angle θ measured from the positive x-axis lands on a point whose coordinates are exactly (cos θ, sin θ). Every other ratio is built from those two coordinates: tan is the slope of the line to that point (rise over run), and cot, sec, csc are simply the reciprocals of tan, cos, and sin respectively.

🎯 When to Use Each Input

  • Degrees: the everyday unit used in most geometry, construction, and navigation contexts
  • Radians: the unit used throughout calculus, physics, and most programming math libraries
  • Any real angle: negative angles and angles beyond 360° or 2π are both accepted

📋 Assumptions

  • The angle is a real number, entered as a plain decimal
  • Degrees convert to radians via rad = degrees × π/180
  • Ratios near zero denominators are treated as exactly undefined within a tiny numerical tolerance

⚠️ Limitations of the Formula

  • Tan and sec are undefined at 90°, 270°, and every angle coterminal with them
  • Cot and csc are undefined at 0°, 180°, 360°, and every angle coterminal with them
  • Results are rounded floating-point approximations, not exact symbolic values (e.g. √3/2 shown as a decimal)
Walkthrough

Step-by-Step: How to Use the Trigonometry Calculator

From entering an angle to reading all six ratios

Enter your angle

Type the angle value into the input field — any real number, positive or negative, is accepted.

Choose degrees or radians

Select which unit your angle is measured in using the toggle above the input.

Click "Calculate"

The calculator converts your angle to radians internally and evaluates all six ratios.

Read all six ratios

Review sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, and csc together — any ratio that's mathematically undefined at that angle is clearly labeled instead of showing an error.

Check the quadrant

See which of the four quadrants (or which axis) the angle falls on, shown as a bonus result below the six ratios.

Example

Worked Example

Finding all six ratios of a 30° angle

Scenario

A student needs sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, and csc for a 30° angle to complete a trigonometry worksheet.

Angle30°
In Radians≈ 0.523599
QuadrantI
Step 1 — Convert to radians: rad = 30 × π/180 ≈ 0.523599.
Step 2 — Sine and cosine: sin 30° = 0.5, cos 30° ≈ 0.866025.
Step 3 — Tangent and cotangent: tan 30° = 0.5 ÷ 0.866025 ≈ 0.577350; cot 30° = 0.866025 ÷ 0.5 ≈ 1.732051.
Step 4 — Secant and cosecant: sec 30° = 1 ÷ 0.866025 ≈ 1.154701; csc 30° = 1 ÷ 0.5 = 2.
sin
0.5
cos
0.866025
tan
0.577350
cot
1.732051
sec
1.154701
csc
2

Undefined case: at 90°, cos 90° ≈ 0, so tan and sec are both Undefined — while sin = 1, cos = 0, cot = 0, and csc = 1 remain perfectly valid. The calculator shows exactly this mix of defined and undefined ratios rather than crashing or displaying "Infinity."

Interpretation

Understanding Your Trig Ratio Results

Domain, range, and period of each of the six ratios

RatioRangePeriodUndefined At
sin θ[-1, 1]360°Never
cos θ[-1, 1]360°Never
tan θAll real numbers180°90°, 270°, ...
cot θAll real numbers180°0°, 180°, 360°, ...
sec θ(-∞,-1] ∪ [1,∞)360°90°, 270°, ...
csc θ(-∞,-1] ∪ [1,∞)360°0°, 180°, 360°, ...

Reading the results together: sine and cosine always stay between -1 and 1, so their reciprocals (csc and sec) can never land between -1 and 1 — they jump straight from 1 to infinity and back. Tangent and cotangent, by contrast, can be any real number at all.

Manual verification: once you have sin and cos from a calculator or reference table, you can hand-check tan, cot, sec, and csc yourself with simple division — tan = sin ÷ cos, cot = cos ÷ sin, sec = 1 ÷ cos, csc = 1 ÷ sin.

Quadrant signs: Quadrant I has all six ratios positive; Quadrant II only sin and csc positive; Quadrant III only tan and cot positive; Quadrant IV only cos and sec positive — a quick way to sanity-check a result's sign.

Use Cases

Practical Use Cases for the Trigonometry Calculator

Where seeing all six ratios of one angle together is genuinely useful

🎓

Trigonometry & precalculus homework

Check every ratio of an angle at once instead of computing them one at a time.

🧑‍🏫

Teaching & worked examples

Build lesson examples that show how all six ratios relate to a single angle.

🧲

Physics force resolution

Break a force or velocity into components and check the related ratios together.

🔌

Electrical engineering phase angles

Evaluate AC circuit phase relationships that use secant or cosecant alongside sine.

🧭

Navigation & surveying bearings

Compute multiple ratios of the same bearing or elevation angle in one pass.

🎮

Game development & graphics

Build rotation matrices or camera angles that need sin, cos, and tan together.

🤖

Robotics kinematics

Solve joint angles where multiple trig ratios of the same angle appear in one equation.

🌊

Wave & signal analysis

Relate a phase angle's sine and cosine components in one combined view.

🛰️

Astronomy & orbital angles

Evaluate multiple trigonometric ratios for a given orbital or elevation angle.

🏗️

Architecture & structural angles

Check roof pitch, truss, or support angles across every relevant ratio.

📊

Exam & test preparation

Quickly verify hand-worked trigonometry answers before a test or quiz.

🧮

Quick reference lookup

Get an instant six-ratio reference table for any angle without a textbook.

🔁

Verifying reciprocal identities

Confirm sin×csc=1, cos×sec=1, and tan×cot=1 hold for your specific angle.

Pros & Cons

Advantages and Limitations

What this all-in-one trig calculator does well, and where it doesn't apply

✅ Advantages

  • Free, instant, and requires no signup or account
  • Runs entirely in your browser — no data ever leaves your device
  • Computes all six ratios from a single angle in one step
  • Accepts both degrees and radians with a simple toggle
  • Correctly identifies and labels undefined ratios instead of showing errors
  • Shows the angle's quadrant as a helpful bonus result
  • Removes the need to manually derive tan, cot, sec, and csc from sin and cos
  • Accepts negative angles and angles beyond 360° or 2π
  • Useful across coursework, physics, engineering, and quick reference lookups
  • Fast-loading and fully mobile-friendly
  • Consistent, error-free results every time
  • Free to use as many times as needed, with no calculation limit

⚠️ Limitations

  • Tan and sec cannot return a value at 90°, 270°, and coterminal angles — they are genuinely undefined there
  • Cot and csc cannot return a value at 0°, 180°, 360°, and coterminal angles for the same reason
  • Results are decimal approximations, not exact symbolic forms (e.g. it won't show √3/2 as a fraction)
  • Does not solve triangles or find side lengths — it only evaluates ratios of a given angle
  • Does not compute inverse trig functions (finding an angle from a ratio)
  • Assumes the angle is entered in the unit selected by the toggle — mismatches produce misleading results
  • Does not visualize the angle on a unit circle diagram
Reference

All Six Ratios at Common Angles

Sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, and csc side by side at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°

Anglesincostancotseccsc
010Undefined1Undefined
30°0.50.8660250.5773501.7320511.1547012
45°0.7071070.707107111.4142141.414214
60°0.8660250.51.7320510.57735021.154701
90°10Undefined0Undefined1

Common Mistakes and Expert Tips

❌ Common Mistakes

  • Entering an angle in radians while the toggle is set to Degrees (or vice versa), skewing every ratio
  • Assuming tan or sec will show a huge number near 90° instead of recognizing the value is genuinely undefined
  • Confusing cotangent (cos/sin) with the inverse tangent function (arctan) — they are not the same thing
  • Forgetting that secant and cosecant can never fall between -1 and 1
  • Mixing up which quadrant makes which ratio negative
  • Rounding intermediate sin/cos values too early before computing tan, cot, sec, or csc by hand

💡 Expert Tips & Best Practices

  • If you only need one ratio, the dedicated Sin Calculator, Cos Calculator, or Tan Calculator may be faster to scan
  • Use the quadrant result to sanity-check whether a ratio's sign makes sense before trusting the number
  • For solving a full triangle's sides and angles, pair this with the Triangle Solver Calculator
  • To go from a ratio back to an angle, use the Inverse Trig Calculator
  • Keep at least 6 decimal places when doing manual verification to avoid compounding rounding errors
📝

Summary: This trigonometry calculator gives you an instant, free way to see all six ratios of a single angle at once, with undefined values clearly flagged. Pair it with the Unit Circle Calculator and Triangle Calculator for a fuller trigonometry toolkit.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about the six trigonometric ratios

What does the trigonometry calculator compute?
It takes one angle — in degrees or radians — and computes all six trigonometric ratios at once: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant. It also reports which quadrant the angle falls in, so you get a full trigonometric snapshot of a single angle in one step.
How do you calculate sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, and csc from one angle?
First convert the angle to radians if it isn't already. Then sin and cos come directly from the unit circle. The remaining four are built from those two: tan = sin/cos, cot = cos/sin, sec = 1/cos, and csc = 1/sin. This calculator performs all five derivations automatically after you enter just the angle.
Why does tan become undefined at 90 degrees?
Because tan θ = sin θ / cos θ, and cos 90° = 0. Dividing by zero is undefined, so tan (and sec, which is 1/cos θ) have no value at 90°, 270°, and every angle coterminal with them. This calculator detects that condition and displays "Undefined" instead of an error or an enormous number.
Why does cot become undefined at 0 degrees?
Because cot θ = cos θ / sin θ, and sin 0° = 0. The same division-by-zero issue applies at 180°, 360°, and every multiple of 180°. Csc, which is 1/sin θ, is undefined at those same angles for the identical reason.
What's the difference between degrees and radians input?
Degrees split a full circle into 360 equal parts; radians measure angle by arc length divided by radius, making a full circle 2π radians (about 6.2832). This calculator converts degrees to radians internally using rad = degrees × π/180 before evaluating any ratio, so you can enter your angle in whichever unit you already have.
What are the six trigonometric ratios?
Sine (sin), cosine (cos), and tangent (tan) are the three primary ratios, each defined as a side ratio in a right triangle or a coordinate ratio on the unit circle. Cotangent (cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (csc) are their reciprocals: cot = 1/tan, sec = 1/cos, and csc = 1/sin.
How do I find the quadrant of an angle?
Normalize the angle to a value between 0° and 360° by adding or subtracting multiples of 360°. Then 0–90° is Quadrant I, 90–180° is Quadrant II, 180–270° is Quadrant III, and 270–360° is Quadrant IV. This calculator does that normalization automatically and reports it as a bonus result.
What is the reciprocal relationship between sin/csc, cos/sec, tan/cot?
Each pair is a mathematical reciprocal: csc θ = 1/sin θ, sec θ = 1/cos θ, and cot θ = 1/tan θ. This means whenever sin, cos, or tan equals zero, its reciprocal (csc, sec, or cot respectively) becomes undefined, since dividing by zero has no defined result.
Can I enter negative angles?
Yes. Negative angles are measured clockwise from the positive x-axis instead of counterclockwise, and all six ratios are still well-defined (or undefined at the same asymptotes) exactly as they would be for the equivalent positive coterminal angle.
Can I enter angles greater than 360 degrees?
Yes. Angles greater than 360° (or 2π radians) simply wrap around the circle more than once. The calculator normalizes the angle internally for the quadrant display, and the six trigonometric ratios repeat their values every 360° (180° for tangent and cotangent) automatically because sine and cosine are periodic functions.
What is SOHCAHTOA?
SOHCAHTOA is a memory aid for the three primary ratios in a right triangle: Sine = Opposite/Hypotenuse, Cosine = Adjacent/Hypotenuse, Tangent = Opposite/Adjacent. The three reciprocal ratios (csc, sec, cot) simply flip each of those fractions upside down.
Why are some trig values negative in certain quadrants?
On the unit circle, sine corresponds to the y-coordinate and cosine to the x-coordinate. In Quadrant II (90–180°) x is negative so cosine is negative; in Quadrant III (180–270°) both are negative; in Quadrant IV (270–360°) y is negative so sine is negative. Tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant inherit their sign from these two base values.
How accurate are the results?
Results are computed using standard double-precision floating point math and displayed rounded to six decimal places, which is far more precision than almost any practical application needs. Near an asymptote the calculator checks for values extremely close to zero and reports "Undefined" rather than a misleadingly huge number.
What's the difference between this calculator and a scientific calculator?
A scientific calculator typically shows one ratio per button press. This tool is built specifically to show all six ratios for the same angle side by side in one view, along with the quadrant, so you can compare them at a glance instead of running six separate calculations.
When would I need all six trig ratios at once?
This is common in trigonometry coursework, physics problems that use multiple ratios of the same angle (like resolving a force into components and then finding a related angle), and engineering calculations where secant, cosecant, or cotangent appear alongside the more familiar sine, cosine, and tangent.
Is this calculator free to use?
Yes. It's completely free, runs entirely in your browser, requires no signup or account, and can be used as many times as you like.
Learn More

Authoritative Resources on Trigonometry

Trusted educational references to go deeper on trigonometric ratios

Related Calculators

Explore other trigonometry tools